Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion. Describe, and evaluate the limitations of, three multicausal theories of the origins of the stateorganized society. Study of growth of the indus civilisation by network analysis initially it is a random network. Every house was furnished with stairs, a kitchen and several rooms. The social and economic life of the people of indus valley civilization harappan civilization was systematic and organised. The culture associated with the harappan civilization is the. The indus valley civilization is believed to belong to the copper stone age as the presence of iron tools and implements has not yet been established at any part of this civilization.
Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. However, the indus valley civilisation did not disappear suddenly, and many elements of the. Indus valley or harappan civilization, existed along the river indus. People of the indus valley civilization kept domesticated animals like water buffaloes. What are the distinctive features of an indus valley. The peaceful nature of these pre aryan people is also hiqhliqhteo as well.
The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Their towns were well planned and they had brick houses which were situated along the roads. Various researches have linked significantly the origin of indus valley civilization. The indus valley civilization occupies a huge area. Connected to the sewage system were bathrooms with toilets. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. Before we move to the each site and settlements of the civilization lets have a look at some basic common features of the urban centers of the civilization. The four principal settlements so far excavated provide the material to reconstruct the cultural content of the civilization. P r a a a p h v l d i h r a o a i r g h a r k i a h r indus valley sites dholavira, harappa, mohenjodaro, lothal, rakhigarhi answers.
It flourished around 2,500 bc, in the western part of south asia, in contemporary pakistan and western india. However, one can see the various elements of the ancient indus valley civilization in later cultures. There is evidence of dry river beds overlapping with the hakra channel. As of 2019, over 1500 indus valley civilization sites have been discovered, of which 475 sites are in pakistan and 925 sites in india, while some sites in afghanistan are believed to be trading colonies. M338 2008 934dc22 2007025308 1211100908 12345678910.
Questions home cuyahoga falls city school district. Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. The salient features of the indus valley civilization history. Mohenjodaro features some of the earliest water management and sewage. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Archaeological excavation indicates that the indus valley civilization could have flourished in about 300 bc much before the existence of other west asian.
History daily answer writing challenge insightsias. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. The abandonment of major indus cities has been roughly dated to about 1700 b. May 04, 2011 then, lothal is different from other sites of indus valley civilization in terms of town planning that it has entry to the houses on the main street while in other sites have shown lateral entry. The discovery of harappa is credited to dayaram sahni, madho sarup vats and marshall in 1921. The exhibition catalogue also documents selected objects in. The indus valley civilization encompassed most of pakistan, extending from balochistan to sindh, and extending iddidiinto modern day indian states of gujarat, rajasthan, haryana, and punjab, with an upward reach to rupar on the upperon the upper sutlej. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. Social and economic life of indus valley civilization. Motivation new data in several fields such as biology, geology, neurosciences, computer science etc. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short. The indus river valley civilization was the first civilization to have running water and a sewage system. A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it has been.
Discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. It predated the aryan civilization by about 500 years. Society in the indus valley civilization is said to have comprised of three distinct social groups. So in the light of these evidences it has been made clear that foundation of indus valley civilization was laid in the neolithic period. The indus valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of egypt, mesopotamia, india and china. It should be noted here that after the decline of indus valley civilization by 1500 bce, the next wave of civilization began to take shape in form of aryan occupation of indogangetic plain.
There is evidence of dry river beds overlapping with the hakra channel in pakistan and the seasonal ghaggar river in india. Housewives were expected to use pits in which heavier part of the rubbish will settle down while only sewerage water was allowed to drain off. One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh.
There are numerous theories and controversies in this subject. Which of the following is a crop not grown by people of the indus valley civilization. The only city in the indus valley civilization which does not have a citadel was chanhu daro, located some kilometers south of mohenjodaro. All soak pits and drains were occasionally cleaned by workmen. Dec 10, 2017 town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. The indus river valley civilizations boundless world history. Oct 30, 20 decline of the indus valley civilization. Define a stateorganized society and describe four of its fundamental features. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. The history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. In addition, there was a canal systems built to provide a reliable water source for the growth of crops.
It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. A timeframe of 4th3rd millennium bce was now possible for dating the earliest culture of the indian subcontinent. Indus valley civilization, early phase 33002600 bce. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of.
Various elements of the indus civilization are found in later cultures. This elaborate drainage system shows that the indus valley people were fully conversant with the principles of health and sanitation. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility. This society is commonly known as the indus valley or harappan civilization. By 1800 bce, the indus valley civilization saw the beginning of their decline. The earliest evidence for elements of hinduism is alleged to have been. The indus valley civilization covered parts of punjab, sindh, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. The harappans wore ornaments made of gold, silver, ivory,shell, clay, semiprecious. Causes of decline of the indus valley civilization introduction. The indus river valley civilization, located in modern pakistan, was one of the worlds.
It extended from jammu in the north to mouth of river narmada in the south and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to meerut in the east. The most prevalent name is inuds civilization the largest concentration of settlementalong the indus river valley. Ancient indus civilization articles which can be downloaded and read as pdf files from this site. The presence of harappan antiquities in mesopotamia clearly indicated the relationship between these two cultures and opened a. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of. It has attempted to focus on the civilization and social advancement made by the ancient inhabitants of mohenjo daron and harappa. Typically, the age of aryans is known as the vedic age because the four major vedas were created in this time. The indus script also known as the harappan script is a corpus of symbols produced by the indus valley civilization. Indus valley civilization extended from sutkagendor on the makran coast about 500 km west to karachi now in pakisan to alamgirpur on the hindon, near delhi and from manda in jammu to daimabad in maharashtra. This is a list of indus valley civilization discoveries. The question about the origin of the indus valley civilization is largely unanswered. Socio, cultural contribution of mauryas, guptas, pallavas, chalukyas, cholas art and architecture harsha and the rajput age. However, the initial hump suggests that it is a distributed scale invariant network with almost 3 strong nuclei and about 30 smaller nuclei. Salient features of indus valley civilization the indus valley civilization or harappan civilization marked the start of cities planned for living.
Salient features of the civilization bengalstudents. Their courtyards had wells, bathrooms and they had proper drainage systems. Mention important places from where relics of civilization have been recovered so far. Features of indus valley civilization from the ruins of the indus valley civilization, it can be deduced that the cities were incredibly wellplanned. Describe the salient features of ancient egyptian civilization and provide an analysis of its. Gk, general studies, optional notes for upsc, ias, banking, civil services. To share with more than one person, separate addresses with a comma. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to meerut in the. Age and origin of the indus valley culture indus valley. The history and culture has an important role in both upsc civil services preliminary exam and the main examination. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the. Once they become large, they evolved into scale invariant behaviour.
The street drains had manholes at regular intervals. Important points to remember in indus valley civilization for prelims. Cities are the symbols of the indus valley civilization characterized by the density of population, close integration between economic and social processes, techeconomic developments, careful planning for expansion and promotion of trade and commerce, providing opportunities and scope of work to artisans and craftsmen etc. To understand the indus valley civilization, we need to examine the evolvement of historical civilization. In this article we will discuss about the food, social dress, ornaments, house hold articles, amusements, trade, social class and structure, religion and funerary customs of the people of indus valley civilization. The indus valley civilization ivc was a bronze age civilization 33000 bce mature period 26001900 bce located in the western region of south asia, and spread over what are now pakistan, northwest india, and eastern afghanistan. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available. Most inscriptions containing these symbols are extremely short, making it difficult to judge whether or not these symbols constituted a script used to record a language, or even symbolise a writing system.
The indus civilization represents the earliest manifestation of urban development in the plains of the indus valley and its extension along the arabian seacoast. The indus valley is located on the eastern side of the indian subcontinent. Several of these features also evoke the presence of commercial and. Jun 06, 2018 discuss salient features of the indus valley civilization.
The indus valley civilization is also known as the harappan. In every house there was a wellconstructed sink, and water flowed from the sink into the underground sewers in the streets. Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata. Indus valley civilization ancient history encyclopedia. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Evolution of the harappan civilisation mayank vahia tata institute of fundamental research, mumbai. Aug 05, 2015 by 2600 bce, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 bce the indus valley civilization was at its peak. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Civilization in the indus valley welcome to 6th grade.
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